First Aid :
It is the immediate help to the victim before examined by professional.
Principles of First Aid(Things to check before doing first aid)
- Have permission from victim
- Scene safety(Ensure that the surrounding near the victim is safe
Example: If suppose a fire in a building and person caught fire, do not rush towards the victim, have the victim come towards you(safe area) then do first aid.
- Our safety(Ensure that we are in safe zone before helping the victim)
Example: If a person drowning in water, even though we know swimming but do not know how to help a drowning person, then do not try to rescue the victim by diving into water. We may end up being the second.
- Victim safety(Now comes Victim Safety)
Knowledge points(about our body)
- We have two pipes in our throat.
* Food Pipe : It always remain closed except when we swallow.
* Wind Pipe : It opens for the first time when a baby start crying after born and will remain open until the end of life of a person. It temporarily closes when we swallow, during which food pipe opens.
The pipes are one behind the other. First is the wind pipe and behind is the food pipe.
Common incidents which victimize people(which often we come across in daily life)
- bleeding(due to cuts,piercing)
- burns
- seizures(convulsion/fits)
- heart attack/stroke
Bleeding: If a person is bleeding, then apply pressure where there is bleeding with a cloth for 5-7 mins. Do not remove the cloth until then. After 5-7 mins, if the bleedin still continues take another cloth and put on top of the previous cloth and apply pressure until bleeding stops. Do not remove the first cloth.
If bleeding happens through nose, then make the person sit down. Have him bend forward. Pinch the nose at nostrils for 10-15 mins and then have him spit the blood from mouth.
If any sharp object is pierced into skin, Do not remove the object. Apply pressure round the object and take to nearest medic professional.
Burns: If a person has burns, place the burn area under tap water. Do not apply any cream or lotions. Blisters will appear near the burn areas. It is a good sign for cure, becuase if blisters appear it means that the brunt is not deep into the skin. Do not burst the blisters.
If a person is completely burn in any fire accident, do not run towards the person(scene and our safety). Let the victim come to you, then have him stop. drop to ground and roll over the ground and reach towards you. Apply wet blanket on the victim skin. Do not apply dry blanket at any time.
Seizures: When a person has seizures we see loss of muscle control, jerk movements of arms, legs and other parts of the body. At that time please do not try to do anything like offering the victim water, keeping heavy things on the victim's and etc. Just wait for 5-10 mins and it will vanish. In case you want to do anything, clear the surroundings around the victim so that he doesnt get hurt by hitting them. If the seizure does not vanish within 10 mins call the nearest medic.
Heart Attack/Stroke: We hear these terms very common from doctors. What is the difference between two. Heart Attack means stoppage of blodd to heart. Stroke means Stoppage of blood to brain.
How to identify a person has heart attack or stroke. If a person has uncomfortable chest pressure,squeeze, breathing problem, sweating, dizziness then there is chance he might have heart attack.Sudden facial drop, numbness or weakness on oneside of the body, trouble speaking are symptoms of Stroke.
In either case first call the EMS(Emergency Medical Service), help victim lie down slowly and note the time of onset.
Apart from the above, if a person suddenly collapses to the ground, do not give water. It blocks the wind pipe.
Even though our are intentions are good(trying to help the victim) please do not cause additional harm to the victim by doing things(correct as per what we see/hear from past experiences) which shouldnt be done.
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